Animation History 1930 to 1950
France and Russia
Ladislaw Starewicz
Created the film 'The Tail of a Fox' in 1930, witch took 10 years to make. It's style was stop motion animation of stuffed animals dressed in clothing. This is what Starewicz was best known for. This film was based on a Dutch/French folk tale. The first sound track was funded by the Nazi regain and shown in Berlin in 1937. Re-released with a French sound track in 1941.
France, Czech Republic
Berthold Bartosch
Moved to Berlin in 1919 and meet with other animator: Lotte Reiniger, Viking Eggeling, Hans Richter and Walter Ruttmann. Bartosch the moved to Paris and created the film 'The Idea' that was based on a book of stylized woodcuts, written by Frans Masereel. The film was made by cutout drawings on multiple levels of glass and created the soft lighting effects by back-lighting and smearing soap onto the glass. The film is about a man who thinks of an idea that takes shape as a small female character with no clothing. The film was not very well known or seen. Bartosch was making an antiwar film which was stopped and destroyed in WW2.
Moved to Berlin in 1919 and meet with other animator: Lotte Reiniger, Viking Eggeling, Hans Richter and Walter Ruttmann. Bartosch the moved to Paris and created the film 'The Idea' that was based on a book of stylized woodcuts, written by Frans Masereel. The film was made by cutout drawings on multiple levels of glass and created the soft lighting effects by back-lighting and smearing soap onto the glass. The film is about a man who thinks of an idea that takes shape as a small female character with no clothing. The film was not very well known or seen. Bartosch was making an antiwar film which was stopped and destroyed in WW2.
France, Russia, and USA
Alexandre Alexeieff and Claire ParkerThey came up with the uniuqe idea on how to animate by building a pinscreen machine that consisted of hundreds of pins that slid in and out of a grid. This created showed images when lit from the side. They created the film 'Night on Bald Mountain' in 1932. This film was most likely a big influence on the Night on Bald Mountain scene from Disney's 'Fantasia' in 1940.
France, UK, and USA
Anthony Gross and Hector HoppinBritish born Gross and American Hoppin partnered up in Paris to create the film 'La joie de vivre (the Joy of Living)' in 1934. This film's happy feel was for many a way to escape from the reality of Europe's fascism rising and war right around the corner. The two animators were also creating the film Around the world in 80 days, but was interrupted by WW2 and the work was lost. Only some of the stock was rediscovered in Britain and restored as a short film called 'Indian Fantasy' in 1955.
Russia
Aleksandr Ptushko
He created the film 'The New Gulliver' in 1935. This story was an adaption of Gulliver's Travels, but with a cast of 3000 puppets. Russia's policy at the time was aiming to get soviet realism and Russian film makers were encouraged to create moralistic work. Traditional children's stories that often contained pro-soviet propaganda.
Ivan Ivanov-Vano
The general policy in Russia was that animation would be a public service to provide traditional folk stories and educational films for children. Russian animators were told to use a rotoscope and live actors. This was disgarded in favor of a rigid system of a factory-like cel animation. Ivan Ivanov-Vano created 'The Humpbacked Little Horse' in 1947, along with many other famous films.
He created the film 'The New Gulliver' in 1935. This story was an adaption of Gulliver's Travels, but with a cast of 3000 puppets. Russia's policy at the time was aiming to get soviet realism and Russian film makers were encouraged to create moralistic work. Traditional children's stories that often contained pro-soviet propaganda.
Ivan Ivanov-Vano
The general policy in Russia was that animation would be a public service to provide traditional folk stories and educational films for children. Russian animators were told to use a rotoscope and live actors. This was disgarded in favor of a rigid system of a factory-like cel animation. Ivan Ivanov-Vano created 'The Humpbacked Little Horse' in 1947, along with many other famous films.
Germany
Oskar Fishinger
In 1933, the Nazi party put a ban on modernist or abstract art/animation. Most artist/animators stopped working or worked in other fields but Fishinger contimued his work by claiming his work as 'decorative' instead of abstract.He created commercials for Murratti tobacco and moved on to make an abstract film called 'Composition in Blue' in 1935. Fishinger says that he was attempting to express joy. Fishinger then for a short period of time, worked for Paramount, MGM, and Disney.
UK
Norman McLaren
McLaren used similar techniques like drawing onto film as New Zelander Len Lye. A short piece of work he created was a piece of music with shapes expressing how it could look like like dripples running across the screen or splats of bass on the screen. The film is called 'Dots'.
Larkin Studio
Bill Larkin started his own studio in London in 1940, producing training films for the army during WW2. Larkin Studio lead the world towards a stylized, and simplified form of animation. Larkin Studio only created informative films and no entertainment work. Larkin Studio created the film 'T for Teacher' in 1947, giving instructions on how to make tea with permitted rations. The animation style used angular, jagged and graphic extremes that were just developing at the time.
McLaren used similar techniques like drawing onto film as New Zelander Len Lye. A short piece of work he created was a piece of music with shapes expressing how it could look like like dripples running across the screen or splats of bass on the screen. The film is called 'Dots'.
Larkin Studio
Bill Larkin started his own studio in London in 1940, producing training films for the army during WW2. Larkin Studio lead the world towards a stylized, and simplified form of animation. Larkin Studio only created informative films and no entertainment work. Larkin Studio created the film 'T for Teacher' in 1947, giving instructions on how to make tea with permitted rations. The animation style used angular, jagged and graphic extremes that were just developing at the time.
UK/Hungary
John Halas and Joy Batchelor
Halas & Batchelor was founded in 1940 by the married couple John Halas and Joy Batchelor. They made animated information and propaganda films as part of Britain's war effort. The married couple believed that animation was an art form that could be used for good. The studio lasted 50 years. Within that time, they experimented with different animating techniques, from low tech paper cutouts to pioneering computer animation. They produced over 2000 films, ranging from propaganda and information films to TV series and films.
Halas & Batchelor was founded in 1940 by the married couple John Halas and Joy Batchelor. They made animated information and propaganda films as part of Britain's war effort. The married couple believed that animation was an art form that could be used for good. The studio lasted 50 years. Within that time, they experimented with different animating techniques, from low tech paper cutouts to pioneering computer animation. They produced over 2000 films, ranging from propaganda and information films to TV series and films.
China
Wan Brothers
Wan Laiming, Wan Guchan, Wan Chaochen and Wan Dihuan were
China's first animation pioneers and created China's first animated short film called 'Uproar in the Studio' in 1924. In 1937, then the Japanese invaded Shanghai, the Wan Brothers created several politically-motivated films in protest of the invasion. When the Wan brothers saw Disney's famous film 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs' they were inspired to created China's first animated feature film called 'Princess Iron Fan' in 1941 which became very popular in China.
Wan Laiming, Wan Guchan, Wan Chaochen and Wan Dihuan wereChina's first animation pioneers and created China's first animated short film called 'Uproar in the Studio' in 1924. In 1937, then the Japanese invaded Shanghai, the Wan Brothers created several politically-motivated films in protest of the invasion. When the Wan brothers saw Disney's famous film 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs' they were inspired to created China's first animated feature film called 'Princess Iron Fan' in 1941 which became very popular in China.
Japan
Keczo Masaoka
Kenzo created the first Japanese animation with sound in 1933 and first made with just Cel animation in 1934. He established his own studio, but consolidated with other small studios into larger companies and pushed to create propaganda when WW2 broke out. Kenzo created 'The Spider and the Tulip' in 1943. The Japanese government then rebuked the film makers for producing a film with no propaganda angle.
Momotaro Vs Mickey
Toy Box: Picture Book 1936. Momotaro was a popular folk tale character who appeared in a lot of propaganda cartoons. The government created propaganda, attempting to motivate the Japanese public towards building up military resources against America in WW2. The propaganda featured an evil Mickey Mouse from Disney, attacking the innocent children in Japan.
Momotaro Vs Mickey
Toy Box: Picture Book 1936. Momotaro was a popular folk tale character who appeared in a lot of propaganda cartoons. The government created propaganda, attempting to motivate the Japanese public towards building up military resources against America in WW2. The propaganda featured an evil Mickey Mouse from Disney, attacking the innocent children in Japan.
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